LEGION OF SUPER-HEROES
Pocket Universe Primer
PART ONE: SECRET ORIGINS
By Aaron Severson
In January 2973,1 three teenagers from different worlds — Rokk Krinn of Braal, Garth Ranzz of Winath, and Imra Ardeen of Saturn’s moon Titan — met on an interstellar flight to Earth. On disembarking from the passenger liner at Metropolis Spaceport, Imra (who, like most natives of Titan, was a formidable telepath) detected an imminent assassination attempt on another passenger, billionaire industrialist R.J. Brande, one of the galaxy’s richest men. Reacting to Imra’s cry of alarm, Rokk and Garth responded, Rokk with his innate, Braalian power of magnetic control and Garth with his recently acquired ability to throw bolts of lightning. Together, they saved Brande’s life and subdued the would-be assassins, who were promptly arrested.
Before the three young people could go their separate ways, Brande made them an offer. He was impressed by their resourcefulness and power and felt that with the proper guidance and support they could be a formidable force for good. Brande was an aficionado of the great heroic age of the 20th century, and he saw in the three super-powered teenagers an opportunity to launch a new era of heroes. He told them of the life of Superman, history’s greatest hero, who had become a legend while still only a teenager — Superboy.
Inspired by the chance to emulate the legendary hero, Rokk, Garth, and Imra agreed to Brande’s proposal. Outfitted with equipment, a headquarters, and costumes, they took the names Cosmic Boy, Lightning Lad, and Saturn Girl and became the first members of the Legion of Super-Heroes (Superboy #147, Secret Origins vol. 2 #25). They later were officially deputized by the Science Police (DC Super-Stars #17 and Secret Origins vol. 2 #25) and authorized to act as law enforcement agents throughout the United Planets.
They were the first, but they would by no means be the last. In short order they were joined by other super-powered teenagers: Triplicate Girl (Luornu Durgo of Carggg), Phantom Girl (Tinya Wazzo of the other-dimensional world of Bgztl), Chameleon Boy (Reep Daggle, a shape-changer from the planet Durla), Invisible Kid (Lyle Norg of Earth), Colossal Boy (Gim Allon of Earth), Brainiac Five (Querl Dox of the planet Colu), Ultra Boy (Jo Nah of Rimbor), Star Boy (Thom Kallor of Xanthu), Shrinking Violet (Salu Digby of the planet Imsk), Sun Boy (Dirk Morgna of Earth), Bouncing Boy (Chuck Taine of Earth), and many others. In later years, the Legion would swell to more than two dozen members, although for legal reasons, they were limited to no more than 25 active members. Per the Legion’s constitution, each member was no more than eighteen years old when they joined and possessed at least one unique super-power.
In December 2973, the Legionnaires traveled back in time to meet their heroic inspiration: Superboy himself. Using a Time Bubble, Cosmic Boy, Lightning Lad, and Saturn Girl journeyed back to the town of Smallville in the middle years of the 20th century, where they sought out the Boy of Steel in his guise as Clark Kent. They revealed their origins and took Superboy with them back to the 30th century where, after a brief hazing, they inducted him into their ranks (Adventure Comics #247).

THE PHANTOM ZONE
Phantom Girl enters the Phantom Zone. From Adventure #323 (Aug. 1964). Script by Jerry Siegel, art by John Forte and George Klein.
In the pre-Crisis universe, the Phantom Zone was a formless grey dimension existing parallel to the real universe, first introduced in Adventure Comics #283. Living creatures who entered the Phantom Zone became bodiless phantoms, able to communicate with others in the Zone via telepathy and to perceive events in the real universe, but (usually) usually not able to affect them. The Phantom Zone was discovered by Superman’s father, Jor-El, who hoped to use the dimension to help Krypton’s population escape the planet’s destruction. While it proved unsuitable for that purpose, it did find use as a prison for Krypton’s worst criminals, who were projected into the Phantom Zone to live out their sentences as immaterial wraiths. Shortly before Krypton’s destruction the Phantom Zone projector was launched into space after it was discovered that prisoners in the Zone could, under certain circumstances, telepathically influence the minds of people outside the Zone. The projector eventually found its way to Earth, where it was recovered by Superboy. As described in Part One, Superboy later used the projector to send stranded Daxamite space explorer Lar Gand (Mon-El) into the Zone in order to save his life (Superboy #89).
In post-Crisis continuity, there is no Phantom Zone in the real universe (although the Kryptonian artifact called the Eradicator used a “gateway dimension” called the Phantom Zone to bring ancient Kryptonian artifacts to the Fortress of Solitude (Superman vol. 2 #38 and Adventures of Superman #461), that dimension is not analogous to the pre-Crisis Zone). So, how is it that Mon-El was sent to the Zone in the Time Trapper’s Pocket Universe and then released into the real universe in the 30th century? The Legion of Super-Heroes had a Phantom Zone projector and Zone-O-Phone provided by Superboy and built in the Pocket Universe; that equipment presumably worked according to the Trapper’s whim. Also, as first shown in Adventure Comics #323, Phantom Girl and other natives of the extradimensional world of Bgztl could enter the Zone at will, indicating that the Pocket Universe’s Phantom Zone was contiguous with the Bgztl “Buffer Zone,” the intermediary dimension into which Phantom Girl passes when she becomes immaterial. In fact, in Glorith’s timeline Lar Gand was actually imprisoned in the Buffer Zone rather than in the Phantom Zone. As described in Part Three, he was sent there by Glorith, not by Superboy, whom he did not meet until more than a decade after being released into the 30th century.
It is unclear if the physical structure of the Pocket Universe Phantom Zone was similar to that of the pre-Crisis Phantom Zone, which was later revealed (in the pre-Crisis mini-series Superman Presents the Phantom Zone) to be part of the subconscious mind of a vastly powerful creature called the Aethyr.
In January 2975, the Legion inducted Superboy’s friend Mon-El. Mon-El was space explorer Lar Gand of the planet Daxam, a world whose natives gained powers like Superman’s away from their world’s red sun and heavy gravity. He was given the name Mon-El by Superboy, who encountered Lar while he was stricken with amnesia and came to the erroneous conclusion that he was from Krypton. During his stay in Smallville, Mon-El became deathly ill from exposure to lead, an element lethal to Daxamites. In order to save his friend’s life, Superboy was forced to send Mon-El into the Phantom Zone (Superboy #89), where he remained for more than a thousand years, able to see the world but not to touch it. Finally, in the 30th century, Brainiac Five used his scientific genius to devise a serum that would protect Mon-El from lead poisoning and allow him to maintain his powers even under a red sun. He emerged from the Zone permanently and became a Legionnaire (Adventure Comics #305).
Over the next decade, Superboy & the Legion shared adventures on many occasions. Thanks to his vast powers, Superboy could travel through time to join the Legion in battling foes like Universo, Dr. Regulus, the Dark Circle, and eventually a resurrected Darkseid. He became close friends with many of the Legionnaires, who were the first true peers the Boy of Steel ever had.
For their part, while they loved and respected Superboy, the Legionnaires often held him at arm’s length. As much as they liked him personally, from their perspective, his destiny was written. The day that he would eventually leave active membership, the tragic fate of his adoptive parents, his career as Superman, and his eventual death all were matters of historical record. Superboy was their friend, but he was history.
Unfortunately, they couldn’t have been more wrong.
The true history of the Legion of Super-Heroes begins not in the 30th century, but countless millions of years in the future, at the end of time. There, on the barren husk of what was once the planet Earth, amid the ruins of unknown numbers of civilizations, stands a foreboding citadel manned by a contingent of beings snatched from throughout history to serve their master: the lord of entropy — the Time Trapper. A being of almost unimaginable power, his features (if any) completely hidden by his hooded robe, the Trapper is the incarnation of decay, the embodiment of death; not simply human death, but the death of history itself. From his citadel at the End of Time, the Trapper plays an inscrutable and deadly chess game with time, maneuvering for control over the populated eras of history while waiting patiently for all of creation to fall into his hands.
The Time Trapper was one of the Legion’s deadliest foes, vastly powerful and virtually unassailable. After an encounter with the young Legionnaires in 2975, he retreated to the distant future and erected the “Iron Curtain of Time,” a barrier that prevented the Legion from seeing or traveling into the future (Adventure Comics #318). However, the Trapper periodically returned to the 30th century to carry out new schemes aimed at stymieing or destroying his persistent mortal enemies.

In 2982, the Legion unmasked the Trapper and discovered him to be a Controller (All-New Collectors’ Edition C-55), one of a group of powerful extradimensional beings who split off millions of years ago from the Guardians of the Universe to pursue their own ruthless battle against evil. (The Legion had encountered the Controllers before; in 2978, the Legion battled the Sun-Eater, an enormous space-going monster created by the Controllers, which nearly laid waste to the galaxy before it was destroyed through the heroic sacrifice of Legionnaire Ferro Lad (Adventure Comics #353).) About a year later, with considerable effort, the Legion managed to overpower the Trapper and delivered him to the prison planet Takron-Galtos (Legion of Super-Heroes vol. 2 #282). Months later the Trapper, a pathetic shell of his former self, was drained of most of his power by the resurrected Darkseid (Legion of Super-Heroes vol. 2 #291). In 2986, when Takron-Galtos was destroyed by a wave of anti-matter during the Crisis on Infinite Earths, the Trapper disappeared, presumed to have perished (Legion of Super-Heroes vol. 3 #18).
In fact, he did not die, but was instead returned to the End of Time, where he was disciplined for his failure by his master — the real Time Trapper, who had enslaved the virtually omnipotent Controller and used him as a proxy (Legionnaires 3 #1). Ultimately no one, not even the Legion, was immune to the Trapper’s manipulations, as the three founding Legionnaires — Cosmic Boy, Lightning Lad, and Saturn Girl — shortly learned when they were captured by the Trapper’s minions and put through a gauntlet intended to drive them mad (Legionnaires 3 #2–4). However, even then they did not realize the true extent to which the Trapper had manipulated them.
The true architect of the Legion was not R.J. Brande, nor Superboy, nor the three founding members, but the Time Trapper himself.
From his citadel at the End of Time, the Trapper aspired to conquer all of history. With his vast power, most of his mortal opponents could only present a momentary inconvenience; his only true obstacles were beings of his own level. The single greatest threat to his domination was Mordru, an ambitious sorcerer from Zerox, the Sorcerer’s World. Mordru was born in the 20th century, when the Sorcerer’s World resided in another dimension and was known as the Gemworld (Amethyst vol. 3 #1–4)). By the late 30th century, he was probably the most powerful human mage who would ever live and he had his own plans for universal conquest. His power was such that even the Time Trapper could not hope to achieve anything better than a stalemate in a direct confrontation. Nor was Mordru vulnerable to mortal frailties (except for a purely irrational terror of being buried alive, a long-term after-effect of his imprisonment between the 20th and 30th centuries), so he would not succumb to old age as would other human foes. To oppose Mordru would require changing the odds.
So the Trapper devised a new scheme: He would create a third force to oppose Mordru, one that could not easily be connected to him (sparing him a direct confrontation with the sorcerer), but that could tip the balance of power in his favor. His solution was a society of powerful young heroes — the Legion of Super-Heroes.
He laid out the pieces with great care. There were various significant pieces, of course, like the nameless Durlan shapeshifter who would become R.J. Brande, the Legion’s organizer and financier.2 The most crucial, however, the center point on which the structure would be built, was the Legion’s heroic inspiration: Superboy.
Looking through time, the Trapper saw that there was no real Superboy; Superman did not attain his full power until he was an adult, and while there were other teen superheroes, none ever achieved truly lasting fame. Undeterred, the Trapper created his own. First, by means known only to himself, he stole an instant of time, a fourth-dimensional “slice” of the universe from early in its existence. He then carefully nurtured this microcosm of the universe, ensuring that the course of its history would suit his needs. He wiped out all other inhabited worlds except Earth and Krypton and manipulated the histories of both those worlds to bring about the creation of his Superboy, a Kryptonian survivor who went on to become Earth’s greatest champion while still only a teenager.3

By unknown means, the Trapper linked the past of his private “pocket universe” to the history of the 30th century. In the years to come, when the residents of that age looked back through their Time Viewer or traveled back in time — with two sole exceptions4 — they saw not the “real” past, but the Trapper’s manufactured history. This had the additional benefit of limiting the meddling of mortals in the timestream, where they might interfere or interrupt the Trapper’s manipulations. Only Superboy had the power to travel unassisted between his world and the real universe.5
A finishing touch to the Trapper’s creation was the diversion of a Daxamite space explorer from the real universe into the Pocket Universe, where he encountered Superboy and later joined the Legion after a thousand years in the formless void of the Phantom Zone. The Trapper had special plans for this “Mon-El.”
With all the groundwork laid, the Trapper’s plan came to fruition. The nameless Durlan-turned-billionaire, inspired by a false history, organized a group of heroes in homage to a boy who had never truly existed. When those heroes traveled back in time, they met their “Boy of Steel” and became his friend, with none of them, least of all Superboy himself, suspecting the truth.
In subsequent years, Legion succeeded beyond the Trapper’s wildest dreams, vanquishing or crippling not just the sorcerer Mordru but other major powers like the Dark Circle, the Khundian Empire, and Darkseid himself. All along, none of them had the slightest idea how they had been manipulated.
Part Two: The Greatest Hero of Them All…
Footnotes
1 The date of this incident was later established as January 5, 2973. The dates shown herein do not apply to the pre-Crisis universe; before the Crisis, Legion stories generally took place 1,000 years after the publication date and there was no serious attempt to squeeze past stories into a shorter period of time.
2 R.J. Brande was originally from the 20th century; along with Vril Dox II, he founded L.E.G.I.O.N. He adopted the Brande identity after being thrown forward to the year 2949 (L.E.G.I.O.N. '89 #9 and Legion of Super-Heroes vol. 4 #8) and later became trapped in human form. Reep Daggle (Chameleon Boy) was his son, although for years Cham did not know Brande was his father; their relationship was revealed in the 1981 Secrets of the Legion mini-series.
3 Superboy was the Pocket Universe’s only hero. As shown in Adventures of Superman #444, the events that would create the principal 20th century heroes — and villains — of the real universe never took place in the Pocket Universe, presumably thanks to the TIme Trapper's manipulations.
4 The first time was in Booster Gold #8–9, when several Legionnaires traveled back in time to discover why the remains of a time bubble stolen from the 25th century was found buried in Metropolis for a thousand years. In that story, the Legion seems more familiar with the real history of the 20th century than later stories indicated, although in fairness, they were in the 20th century only briefly and did not encounter Superman, so they had no specific reason to think anything was seriously amiss. The second trip was Cosmic Boy and Night Girl’s visit in the Cosmic Boy mini-series. According to the Time Trapper (admittedly not the most reliable witness), all of the Legion’s other trips through time took them to the past of the Pocket Universe rather than that of the real universe. (Pre-Crisis Legion visits to the “modern” 20th century — i.e., to Superman’s era rather than Superboy’s — should be considered apocryphal post-Crisis.)
5 In earlier stories, Mon-El also could travel through time under his own power, although it is unclear whether that was true post-Crisis. It would make sense if the Time Trapper intended to eventually house his consciousness in Mon-El’s body. In Glorith’s timeline, Valor evidently did not have that power.
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